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Antediluvian: a dilemma

From of Bishopgate Ship Tavern (London) to Antiquities ... G. Oliver (1840)

A London newspaper public, probably in 1726 (the same year of ms. Graham), an unusual ad calling on Masons "Antediluvian created the way" to gather for the feast of St. John the Baptist at the Ship Tavern Bishopgate the neighborhood, adding that the previous year Brothers were not present in sufficient numbers to constitute a Lodge "true and perfect. " The announcement - found at the beginning of the 900 Fr Henry Sadler, an expert on things Masonic, in a miscellany of newspaper clippings kept in the archives of the United Grand Lodge of England, but not traceable to a reliable source - continued:

" There are many instructions on Ancient Masonry, in particular on the meaning of letter G and how and by what procedure the Masons formed their Antediluvian Lodges, showing what innovations have been introduced recently by the Doctor and some others among the Moderns, with their trimmings ..., movable letters, Flaming Star

...." The document continues with a series of references to Masonic mixed with other items extraneous to art, and claims that to protect from intruders meeting would have been a member of the Society of Gorgomons, one of many ephemeral clubs of the time, and the concluding prayer was held in style henleiano (by John Henley, one speaker noted, as discussed at the time, an Anglican priest then returned to the lay state, but in some ways because the context here - it seems to me that no one has pointed out this coincidence-advocate of a "primitive liturgy" and a reductio ad Originem of Christian worship).

As noted Knoop, Jones and Hamer in Early Masonic Pamphlets , the extravagant ad did not state with certainty the existence of a group "antediluviano. Moreover, it is not even certain the data: Henry Sadler, Librarian of the UGLE, spoke to the Lodge Quatuor Crowned in 1910, of that crop found in a miscellaneous album in the archives of the Grand Lodge, but while on others it was reported the newspaper from which they had learned, on that no, it was only shown the year, so far not been possible to trace the source and make sure that the dating is correct. From the tone of the document, then, one might also infer that it is a form of mock masonry not uncommon at the time, that one or more individuals intended to mock, in this case, the claims of antiquity that the documents late medieval Freemasonry, called in the Old Duties, camped. But it is also possible that, especially the reference to Doctor (as was known in London circles Th Desaguliers, with J. Anderson, the ideologue of the Grand Lodge) and the Moderns (So \u200b\u200bthat innovators were called by the dissidents Antiens who form independent Grand Lodge in 1751), we are facing one of the first demands of an Art arcane Masonic faithful.

La'idea a Antediluvian Masonry will find a champion in the rev. George Oliver (1782-1867), himself an Anglican priest and enthusiastic Freemason. In his Antiquities of Masonry , Oliver (convinced that the art was " common in many systems which comes with the great universal empyrean space, thus pre-existing life on Earth and also known to the inhabitants of other worlds) Masonic trace a genealogy with respect to those of the manuscripts. more ancient as the ms. Cooke. In this example, there was talk of Lamech, a descendant of Adam 7 ° along the line of Cain, who lived before the flood, Lamech had two children by his wife Adah, Jubel (founder of geometry) and Jubal (founder of the music) and two by his wife, Zillah, a male and a female (Tubalcain, founder of metallurgy and Naamah, founder of the texture). Having spread the idea that the sins of men were uprooted by the flood, the fundamentals of these sciences would be engraved in two columns, one of which was later discovered by Hermes, who would teach the masonry to architects of the Tower of Babel. The legend then proceeds with Abraham, Solomon and so on, up to England the tenth century by King Athelstan and Edwin Prince. As you can see, Noah is not included directly in the genealogy of Art, in this traditio which also focuses on the "stone". But Oliver is over, see the Arts and constructive in its universality, apparently referring to a lesson similar to that of ms. Graham, proposes the following sequence: Adam, that is the archetypal humanity, had the knowledge of God, who lost in part by the Fall, and he passed it remains to children Cain and Seth, but the first perverted them, developing operational aspects (construction of the city, according to the biblical reference), but losing those speculative, Seth held by them conveyed to Enoch (to whom God, according to Oliver, who is joined here in the vein of its esoteric Jewish Book of Enoch , gave the mysterious Masonic Word), and these Lamech, by whom they learned Noach . Therefore, according to Oliver Master of Freemasonry Antediluvian chain passes for five masters: Adam, Seth, Enoch, Lamech, Noah.

the sons of Noach, who received from him the art, the only preserved Shem, Cham and Japheth scattered to the altered (Oliver refers to the Anatolian-greek mysteries, of which the true Masonry is not a continuation, but rather the original model).

As fanciful (and Albert G. Mackey, in Chapter XXIII. of his History of Freemasonry , retires as the Masonic lore), drawn from the ierostoria rev. Oliver has some absolute advantages: 1) Filling in Noach ' ancestry of Freemasonry, by adjusting or by filling a unique situation: the absence of the first man called right and for that with his past through a "dead" regenerative (such as Master Hiram), herald, the Talmud, a cult founded on the universal duty and right, 2) celebrates the lineage of Seth at the expense of Cain in the Bible is also credited with building skills (see above) should be deprecate the spirit of Cain, who has crept into the Freemasonry in recent times, whenever we tried to divert it from its spiritual essence to make it "operational" in the narrow sense.

-

Antediluvian or Noahides?

At this point one may ask: which of the two adjectives, or antediluviano Noachide , best fits the Masonic lineage to which we refer? And pre-condition for the application to be meaningful and substantive issue more than nominal: there is a difference between the two actual definitions?

There is, but does not mean that both do not work in a complementary manner. For Antediluvian Masonry Arts means ideal Edenic , which resists the impact of degeneration (the Fall) and comes to us in its purity integrates: the base is, indeed, the construct of primordial nature, no phage, where the creatures are not killed for food each other (in Genesis, God gives human beings and animals " green grass" as food). It was an art of speculation, because the man did not need homes or places of worship, what needed to be with-create ("naming" in the biblical sense, means customize ) was life (for this El Chai, the Living God, said " Let us make man in our image ") in its macro and microcosmic forms were different shapes, colors and sounds in their innumerable combinations and permutations. That, in view Noachide, was to extend the authority of the Adam Qadmon, Old Man or Celeste. Noachide designates the next Arts "restored" the man Noah built the Ark, the building becomes the paradigm of aggression defense of human and natural agents (the role of "necrofugo" of the city is highlighted by Norman Brown will Life Against Death ), Art has solidified , by working on ideal models we have progressed to that of wood (vegetable) and then to that of stone (mineral), down by the denser grades of cosmic manifestation, which is parallel to the down fall but also to a prodromal inflation, because it achieves the goal the Emerald Table " as above so below." In this way, axial remains precarious and while the construction of the human degree.

Noach is the kind of man that regenerates itself, but for its status of Adam Earth is destined to fall (eats meat, he gets drunk, etc.). In him remains absolute and relative intertwined, although as 'ish tzaddik he has avoided total aberration in which they had fallen the other Antediluvian. Speaking of eating meat, the biblical text indicates that as a concession to the divine escaped from the Flood, as we observe in the Iranian tradition King Yima - which he shares with Noah having ferried men, animals and plants through what reportedly Avestan scriptures, it would seem an ice age rather than a flood, and have established a proto-law or flow intentio universal - is maligned for pardon to the killing of animals for food and worship. If we release into the idea that traditional channels Noachide (one of which Iran is a major factor), we can read the "concession" as a divine acknowledgment of an ontology of human decadence, now only remnant - although, with Noach, oriented to the reintegration of primitive heavenly virtues - of what was state, and was to be had / has to be made.

In summary, we assume that the title implies Noachide status Freemason aware that it must proceed to the renovation work focused on tzedakah, but immersed in the contradictions of being and land ; antediluviano attribute, instead, refers to the expanded consciousness of the Master Noachide station before, one where it still reflected, directly, the creative work of El Chai, the living God, and the memory of Eden was vivid, not blurred and scarred.

Michael Moramarco

Ideas For Welcome Letters

The Magi, Jesus and religion Noachide

The Gospel speaks of three wise men from the East - magoi Matthew 2:1 calls them, that priests of the religion Mazdean, Zoroastrian - that paid homage to Jesus with gold , frankincense and myrrh ( Mt.2: 11). The reasons why the Gospel tells us this has been interpreted in various ways. The nascent Christian church was intended to 'expand beyond the borders of the Jewish context, and to Antioch, where the lesson of Matthew would have taken shape, there was a thriving Zoroastrian communities, the inclusion of the legend of the Magi in the Gospel tissue would thus had a sense a demonstration of the universality of Jesus, particularly his Messiahship: Zarathushtra's disciples were waiting - and still waiting - the Saoshyant (rescuer, savior) and Jesus, according to his followers, was the fulfillment of that hope, like that of the Jews calling for the mashi'ach (the discourse on the "unknown God" held by Paul in the Areopagus of Athens, in At.16, would have a similar function in relation to Greek religion). Do not forget also that the first holders of the Gospel of Luke, Marcion and his followers were in a certain ecclesia that prefigured the more doctrinal duality and the sobriety of the Cathars of medieval ritual than with ideas and procedures of Catholicism.

But this reading, which is based on the proselytizing zeal of the early Christians, it supports a very different, the one that Jesus would be an "agent", in Israel, a belief stemming from the teaching of the prophet Zarathushtra. Perhaps Essene (and the Qumran community, the rules of war marked in the dualistic sense of reality biblical idea of \u200b\u200ba rebellion in the cosmos antidivina), Jesus speaks of the 'adversary', the usurper who rules with his " legions on the world, so with a frequency unknown to the Old Testament, the history of Judaism took note of Iranian influence in Judaism post-exile, and it is no coincidence that in Isaiah the emperor Kurush (Cyrus) is messianizzato as liberator So that Israel can ricorstruire the temple in Jerusalem.

The two interpretations are, to some extent, compatible, if we can locate the work of Jesus, so to speak, in an ideal point of intersection between Persia and Israel. And the importance of that intersection is evidenced by the persistence of a traditio like that in the centuries after the drafting of the canonical Gospels. The seventh chapter. Arabic-Syriac Gospel of the Infancy , repeating the episode of the visit of the Magi, he says it took place "as he said Zarathushtra", while the eleventh chapter. Armenian Infancy Gospel of him back to a mysterious wrote that after the killing of Abel by Cain, God gave to Adam, along with the consolation of the second son Seth. He had received from his father that text (which contains "a promise ... in favor of the sons of men" ) and then transmitted to his descendants up to Noah, to Shem by these, and through the lineage of these, to Abraham . The founder of Israel would Melkitsedech entrusted to the priest-king of Salem (the proto-Jerusalem), who sent it to his lineage, until, at the time of Cyrus, the document would come into the possession of the Persians (apparently implied here, the idea of \u200b\u200ba prize for the dell'achemenide magnanimity towards the people of Israel). Therefore, in this apocryphal genealogy arises spiritual linking Iran Mazdean not only Israel, but even the spiritual ministry of Adam, the man archetype.

But here we want to be a prospect (or a reversion ) to one that is more than the other ones so far examined, assuming that it is reasonable to identify the figure Noachide the glue between the Magi and Jesus and not on the passage through Noach pase a messianic promise, as he says in the Armenian Gospel (who also, like that of Matthew, may have intended to use that kind of a ierostoria easier to preach Christ the Armenians, who were Zoroastrian religion), but by the idea of \u200b\u200bjustice, tzedakah . In fact, after the Prophets (Isaiah 45:8: " Shower, O heavens, from above the clouds and rain do justice" , Micah 6:5: " Man, you were taught what is good and what that the Lord require of thee: do what is right ) is Jesus and Israel stands at the center of the religion's supreme form of morality: " Seek first His kingdom and His righteousness of God .." (Mt. 7:33 ).

Yes, the rav of Nazareth, according to Masonic tradition Noachide, fits into the lineage of ' Ishima tzaddikim, righteous men and as such the Dehn participate in the divine essence: a testimony of great charm is found in the ritual of the first three degrees of the Rite of Swedenborg, which explicitly interprets the gift of the Magi to Jesus as an act of worship Noachide (therefore not idolatrous, but symbolic ) :

"(...) This ancient religion and its symbolic nature, are visible in the acts of
Sages of the East who paid homage to Christ in the Nativity. They brought a gift
gold, frankincense and myrrh, and a star before them. The guiding star was the symbol of heavenly knowledge director; gold, the purest on the good God (...); incense, scented and pleasant, good secondary turned to our neighbor myrrh, the less well addressed to ourselves, and that in that, although valuable (...), has intrinsic bitterness.
These three gifts - to God, to neighbor and to ourselves - are the three elements of each (...) authentic worship and a true Masonic humanity. "


But

according to a Christian interpretation of Jesus - that Noachide did not base any new religion nor ever would have considered himself the son of God, except in the sense of choice, or "adozionistico" - he would have expressed grace and not law, and the revelation of what would be the highest in the Beatitudes. Now, Jesus presents himself as the one which fulfills the Law and, from the Jewish, the spiritualized (one could say that the key to his ministry is to make Law Spirit), then extends to universality here is then that the simple precept against adultery becomes a mosaic in his words a warning not to pose so as to arouse in oneself or in others the temptation to commit it (Matthew 5:27-28). Of course, in the Beatitudes are not on the steps that appear to oppose the evil spirit away from the Noachide, but you can do about the following considerations: 1) in other places - just one example: the expulsion of the merchants from the Temple - Jesus reveals a hardened militant, 2) in the prophetic tradition is expected that the Messiah porgesse " my cheeks to those I pulled out my beard (Isa. 50:6-7), but with God's help, his face would become " hard as stone" , 3) at various points of the Gospel Jesus, and in the same Beatitudes ( Mt 5:26) refers to the legitimacy of secular punishment and the need for compensation, so it's clear that his extreme insgnamento paradoxical nature of forgiveness, to some extent ethology: how the wolves in the lot that is going to succumb offers the jugular area and thereby obtain by the opponent to the conflict, so the man can get to be vulnerable kindness and above all, to break the chain of retaliation. In this respect, writes Aziz Ulfat us-Samad in Islam and Christianity (Sahaba Islamic Press, Kuwait City 1985):

"This [the teaching on non-resistance ] was perhaps a necessary corrective hardness of heart and spirit of revenge by the observation of the literal- teaching "an eye for eye, tooth for tooth ", but may perhaps be considered universal ? Or be practiced as healthy as a moral precept in all cases and on all occasions? The nom-resistance to evil when the target of that not us but someone else is a sign of cowardice and apathy ... "

To these observations we might add that - as is clear from the Koran itself, to remain in an Islamic framework - the Christian Scriptures might have suffered over time, eliminations and decisive changes, perhaps at times be justified - add us on the basis of the achievements of the Church's history - the turn that events in ecclesial turbulent since the beginning, they were taking, and support options theological winning party. It is no coincidence that the canon has not joined the old - but gnosticheggiante - Gospel of Thomas, or that the Gospel of Barnabas, which refers generally to an alternative to the Nicene Christology, the Islamic tradition.
is worth, then go back to the sweet ierostoria of the Star of the Magi and the Child and see it as not only a manifestation of the divine in the human (without implying any idea of \u200b\u200bincarnation exclusive ) , but also serenity of the heavenly rainbow appeared to Noah after the mabbul , namely the divine in the cosmos.

Michael Moramarco

After Interview Reply Email

Noachismo and Hillel

The Hillel was an attempt by LL Zamenhof, an ophthalmologist jew Polish designer of 'Esperanto, to match his invention, aimed at overcoming language barriers, and thus to universal communication, the basic features of a shared religious by mankind. He called Hillel, the rav Hillel, who lived just before Jesus and for the history of religious thought as a theologian "medulla", relevant to the substance of the moral and religious life than to the formalism, and especially attentive to the practice of rule gold ("do unto others as you would not want done to you"). Zamenhof
codified Hillel in the manifest summary, from which it derives a 'rational and minimal idea of \u200b\u200btheism, that is measured , aware of the ineffability of God and of the need for evidence, a unified approach to mind / heart, that of 'to live full implementation of that' intellect of love "that leads to the sacred dimension to the simple fact that it follows a direct route and the joint to the point that if you separate the two constituents of concern that this is blocked, and the religious right mutilated in us. Writes Zamenhof (Original Verkaro , Hirt & Sohn, Leipzig 1929, p. 350):

"With the name" God ", I mean the high ... Come on who rules the world,

and the essence of which I have the right to clarify to myself in the manner

told me that my wisdom and heart ... I

as the fundamental law of my religion, I consider the rule: act

with others as you want others to act with you, and always hears

voice of your conscience ... "

The Hillel has therefore marked traits Noahides. Regarding the relationship between Freemasonry and Esperanto, I refer the reader to the second volume of my Encyclopedia New Masonic , but it is clear that although the membership of the Order Zamenhof is proven, the figure reflected Esperanto original masonry , as illustrated by the fact that Congress already in the legendary Boulogne-sur-mer (1905) present the Brothers were formed in what would become the Universala Framasona Ligo.

The Hillel - which in a variant and later became diluted Homaranismo , translated as "humanity" (Apology, ism, of belonging, Anec, to mankind Homar) - did not take the Esperanto movement, for several reasons (the same penetration in diverse cultural contexts, anarchy in the Catholic reluctant to approved under the banners of the idea that someone was too much and too little for someone else fideist, the similarities Jewish, Judaism, albeit of a "seminal", tending to Noachismo, at a time when the virus anti-Semitic already raging in Eastern Europe) and was shelved. But it was not a meteor vain served as yeast, to imbue the environment and Esperanto him maintain a constant tension to universality, So peace, divine value, through two tragic world wars and unclean and the myriad of local ones, to the point that the Esperanto movement is still a viable agency peacekeeping. Despite the traditionalists

guénoniani consider a form of modern degeneracy, in the spirit of the authentic Tradition, which has its roots in Noach, the Hillel (and with it the Esperanto) is an attempt, futile before men but glorious El Chai, understood as a return of religious reform arcane essence.

Michael Moramarco

How To Get Semen Out Of Office Chair Fabric

The legacy of Rome

This text is the response I sent in mid-December 2007 to the following question asked in the Forum Site Roma Aeterna by Paolo Marenco, president of the cultural History in the Future :

"Domenico you look at our past, I read it in the key of construction of the future. My question is: What role did the Roman history and culture in our day to be Italian (ie, unique, different from all)? And yet creative, friendly, open, humble (open to learning), individual , pioneers .... and great chefs of great cooking?
I put you and your readers that question ... I am very interested in the answers and the reasons that bind this essence of that past and that history. "

I waited a while to submit my opinion to not interfere with any other answers, but I see that I am not yet arrived. I am afraid that the application has created some confusion because of the His reference to the present. It 'is undeniable that the dismal daily news spread in society a sense of frustration and inadequacy that puts a strain on the collective self-esteem.

The argument, in itself, is not relevant with issues specific to this forum for conversation, but it must be briefly touched because you can not if you do not answer the question focuses, first, what it means to be Italian. This doubt, however, is also one of our special features, since it could never touch or citizens of other major European nations, nor were those of children of recent origin. But this oddity has an ancient origin.

How can we then outline our national identity? To give a fair verdict must necessarily clear your mind of all that junk every day we are shaped by our short-sighted, irresponsible and uneducated "opinion makers" , obstinately devoted to inculcate disdain for any expression of genuine Italian Boeotian and awe towards other cultures. Fortunately for us, there are beliefs that still remain firmly rooted in the collective consciousness, such as, for example, the goodness of our cuisine, of course, but also our sense of cleanliness (the individual and in our case), at least when compared standards of some European nations much more conceited, our football glories and many other sports (such as forgetting what our beautiful marathoner Stefano Baldini, who arrived alone in the stadium in Athens?); winning our race cars, such as those with legendary brands Ferrari, Maserati, Alfa Romeo, Ducati, Aprilia, etc. And our and our sparkling wines, certainly not second to those beyond the Alps, the Italian fashion, represented by the great stylists in the world, but also by the natural elegance of our people; style Italian in the world, in industrial design, the bodywork of the cars and the great architecture, like Renzo Piano and Massimiliano Fuksas, the beauty of our women and the skill of our artists from the international celebrities, such as Carla Fracci, the late Pavarotti, Bocelli and Pausini; major conductors such as Abbado and Muti, the great masters of cinema, such as Fellini, Antonioni, Germs, and Visconti Monicelli; repeated of Italian firms, the toughest peaks, up to K2 and Everest, without oxygen, the effective Italian presence in major peacekeeping operations and in locations most advanced scientific research in Antarctica and in space. All of these things - that are part of our heritage, like Toto, Carousel, the old century and the Moka Express - are quite well known and there are more full of the usual spaghetti, cappuccino, pizza, mandolins and the Mafia.

But that's not all, are even more important because of the many active areas of excellence in our society, namely those qualifying solid reality which does not talk much but working incredibly well, and we know it only from time to time, when we discover, for example, that with the imminent delivery in orbit of the European laboratory Columbus (in about twenty days), more than half of ' entire International Space Station orbiting the Earth will Italian-built.

Whatever they say, then, the Italians have it all: people who can engage in serious and overcome every difficulty, even among non-optimal environmental conditions of work, and who managed to achieve extraordinary results, while working individually or in small groups, with lack resources and without the certainty of an appropriate institutional support.

This reality today is entirely consistent with that of past centuries, when our peninsula has generated the extraordinary individual who gave humanity the notes of music, comedy, art, humanism, the Renaissance, Italian, New World, Galileo's scientific method, melodrama, flashlight, telephone, radio and nuclear energy. Therefore, there is no rhetorical exaggeration in the famous phrase engraved in large letters on all four sides of the Palace of Italian Civilization, the EUR: "a nation of poets, artists, heroes, saints, thinkers, scientists, navigators, transmigration ".

This long introduction was necessary to be able to report back to the Italians real and not some outlandish parodies that are passed off as truth, or used as a crude satire Cheap, disqualifying only those who ye say, and who takes them for good. There being so enabled to understand the legitimacy and the sense of demand that has been placed, we can start thinking about possible correlations between the legacy of Rome and the specificity of the Italians today, in positive and negative.

My personal response, it should be clearly stated, not meant to assert the incontrovertible truth, since my actual competence is inherent in the historic naval and maritime sector alone. I am still able to give a sufficiently reliable opinion on the thinking of the ancient Romans, as the historical research necessary to compile "Classic" led me to read a huge number of works in Latin and Greek World Rome old (in fact, all those that were found, in total, I see now that it's 535 works cited in my bibliography, and 245 ancient authors which I have reported the specific citations in "Classic" ). From this speed reading course I have not analyzed and stored, but rather only the parts that were directly or indirectly useful to my research. However, from all I could take even a good perception of the genuine attitude of the authors.

On the basis of the evidence can be derived from ancient sources, it is quite clear that, broadly speaking, all the virtues and the vices which now repent over the Italians were equally existing in Rome and the Roman world. This applies, of course, with all the approximations and simplifications involve the opinions expressed in too general and brief. It should not be, in fact, forget that we are talking about the characteristics of a population whose thousand year history has been absorbed in themselves and that many of the cultures encountered in the provinces of an empire that spanned three continents, in addition to the diverse ethnicities, philosophies, religions and superstitions. On the other hand, when we are not so interested in distinguishing the endless mutations occurred in time, space and social groups of a world as complex and detailed, but we only care about whether the current characteristics of the Italians have been directly edited by Romans or are otherwise attributable to some extent the legacy of Rome.

In order to further narrow the topic (because otherwise the review extends beyond measure), I limit myself to the matters specified in the application:

- characters mostly positive: "creative, friendly, open, pioneer .... great chefs and great cooking ";

- characters with possible negative side effects " unique, different from all, humble (open to learning), individualists ".

I hope that if there will be no further action, they are also focused on these aspects in order to be scattered in too many directions.

For the first category of characters, certainly confirm my first opinion, that we have all inherited directly from the ancient Romans. Examine them in logical order.

welcoming and open.

Here is one of the intrinsic peculiarities of the Romans, this was their greatest strength, but this was also the major cause of their vulnerability.

Rome was founded by Romulus as a city open to anyone who wanted to settle there. This concept remained in force for all, provided, of course, comply with the laws of Rome and not to endanger the safety of the Roman people. The welcome was always so available to all, regardless of place of origin, language, ethnicity and religion. The same enemy that the Romans engaged in a military confrontation were to be accepted among friends and allies of the Roman people, because this was the normal ending of all conflicts after the Roman victory.

However, this innate desire of the Romans to welcome friends and former enemies very soon to give Roman citizenship to their leaders more representative of the situations created great risk during the Empire, as these new citizens are not yet intimately Romanized aroused some serious sedition, which is also of tremendous setbacks like that - disastrously - Teutoburg.

In late Roman Empire, then, placing in the legions, in an ever more massive, hastily converted barbarians, and only virtually Romanized, put the Empire itself at the mercy of people who had not assimilated virtually nothing of Roman civilization. The same fall of the Western Empire was caused by an internal mutiny led by Odoacer, who, while belonging to the bodyguard of the emperor, deprived him of his powers, even without understanding the implications of his gesture.

Creative and pioneers.

The Romans were fundamentally pragmatic. Faced with any business of war or peace, they were not acting along the lines of ready-made theories, but let us consider the situation case by case basis, and to develop lines of action which can achieve the goal in the best way, but with the necessary expenditure of energy and with minimal risk.

In the military field, that is exactly what we are constantly emerging from the analysis of their land and naval battles. They reached an enormous power thanks to their unquestionable virtue war, but also to caution them not to expose themselves when the result could be obtained in another way (not uncommon in cases of backroom deals, corruption or betrayal instigated by other methods). What is not so surprising when one remembers that Machiavelli became "Machiavellian" after studying the deeds of the Romans.

And the Italians? The military capabilities of the Italians have long been very popular throughout Europe, as our leaders and our armies were the most popular. More recently, past several decades of war put the trauma of defeat and civil war, now again become evident is the strong stuff of us, they made their professionalism even in situations of great risk and their ability to adapt to new situations, without being ensnared by the schematic. In the Persian Gulf, nel1988/89, we were the first to adopt the most effective tactic to escort our merchant ships in the event of a threat of mines drifting: At first it seemed a preposterous solution, then take all the other major in the marine those waters.

In civil matters, the Roman pragmatism led them to acquire all that was good in the cultures of the people in the provinces and overseas, improving significantly the solutions of others and then creating their own solutions, absolutely original and more responsive to needs. This is evident in all fields of construction, land (roads, aqueducts, baths, bridges, tanks, etc..) Maritime (ports, breakwaters, jetties divers, lighthouses, canals, seaside villas, etc..) And naval ( just think of the ships of Nemi), in various other engineering products (pipes, valves, taps, pumps, ball bearings, elevators, etc.), agriculture, nell'itticoltura, medicine, geography (including through different further exploration), law, literature, and art in the shows.

of Italians is not even appropriate to speak, as these are all areas where creativity is beautifully maintained.

Great chefs of great cooking

The taste of the Romans for good food and recipes developed is very old, so that we also have fragments that Ennio speak. Equally important was for the Romans, the selection of the best wines and the special care of the most valuable, such as the famous Falerno . In imperial times, with increasing well-being increased further the search for the most succulent delicacies, of which there are descriptions made famous. From such a passion for haute cuisine recipes from old age is evidently derived the entrenched habits of our quality of food and wines.

The second category of characters, those who have the potential downsides, I would say also that we have all inherited from the Romans, but we have accentuated in part due to its heritage Rome. Let's examine them one by one.

individualists.

In the Roman conception of society, the main actor was the man or the individual, and never the masses. Even in Roman politics, the famous battles between the party "popular" and the aristocratic was not a contest to give more power to the people as a whole (or as mass), but to ensure that members of the mob could rise to individually those positions that had long been the prerogative of senators or knights. After the Gracchi, the greatest exponents of so-called popular were Mario and Cinna, followed by Caesar, and finally by Octavian. All persons who seek power for themselves and their supporters, even with the declared intention of meeting the needs of the people trampled by the prevarication of the senatorial class.

The Romans were thus of individualists. Some of them do not even hesitate to put themselves at odds even with their homeland when they felt offended in his own personal integrity: the most striking cases are those of Coriolanus, a refugee from the Volsci, Mario, Africa, and Sertorius in Spain.

Humble (open to learning).

Here you can see, on the one hand, another aspect of that pragmatism which has already been discussed, and the other an intellectual curiosity that, by giving more importance to information sought than the dubious satisfaction do not have to show for itself. In fact, the Romans had no difficulty in requiring the teaching of others when it was more productive. If you were unable to acquire sufficient information to do things right to improve, they did. Otherwise continue to employ teachers who are not Romans. This made the fortune of the Greeks, who could "sell" their good theoretical knowledge.

In the case of the Romans, however, does not seem entirely appropriate to speak of humility, because there was an attitude that they conceive. Maybe for them it was rather indifferent.

In Italian there is certainly the same openness to learning. I do not know if we could really call it humility (who has a taste of subservience and subordination) or simple realism and lack of arrogance.

Unique, different from all

The Romans were in mentality. It was not obviously or place of origin or ethnicity, or philosophy or religion. Anyone, anywhere it came from, when it became the Roman Empire took that mentality. This mentality was fundamentally universalist: he felt the first Roman citizen of the world, although favored Rome and Italy and would give his life for them.

Italy, in fact had a beginning special status. It was never considered a "province" of Rome, but a sort of extension of the residence of the Romans or their trips, as we would say today. This involved very early (as a result of the Civil War) the extension of Roman citizenship to the entire peninsula. During the period of the Empire, the distinction between Romans and Italians came to disappear.

After the fall of the Western Empire, its territory became the prey of various barbarian kingdoms. While these kingdoms, fighting among them, began to extol the selfishness "national" and thus to forge the first elements of the identity of the future European nations, the Italians were refractory to this process, though still influenced by the universalism that made them indifferent to the color flags that passed through their territory. This basic attitude has remained largely present in all the centuries of foreign domination, but was not removed even after the unification of Italy. Despite his patriotism, certainly very strong especially in the Risorgimento period, that universalism is rooted still the basis of our mentality. This uniqueness is certainly not a demerit, but represent still a dangerous vulnerability as long as in other European countries will remain strong on national interests.

Faith Birthday Greetings

Noachismo

The June 8 (20 Prairial) of 1794, one month and twenty days before being killed, Maximilien Robespierre led the party - he wanted - dedicated to the Supreme Being. Floats paraded through the streets of Paris and people, as in the good book says Henri Guillemin political and mystical Robespierre: There was some enthusiasm (there was a widespread belief that the "Party of God" would have closed the time of the Terror), was burned a large papier-mache puppet representative of atheism, bouquets of roses, daisies and lilies were visited by Members of the House, choirs sang the hymn to the Supreme Being, that - while rising to the universal God - including references to God 's Israel, and Luther and Calvin as the precursors of true religion. It was the first party theist in the history of humanity and therefore, even if it was not followed, it remains an event of extraordinary importance. He had been preceded by the speech The relationship of moral and religious ideas with republican ideas , May 7, from which shone his conviction that the Revolution should be the instrument for a historical spiritual regeneration.
Speaking at the Festival of the Supreme Being, Robespierre spoke out against superstition and the clergy who, in his view, society subjugated to the "tyrants." Then he said that God created human beings because they help each other and achieve happiness through virtue. " Liberty and virtue together came from the bosom of the Godhead" , proclaimed the 'Incorruptible , advocating and generosity towards the good, compassion for the unfortunate, inflexibility against the evil and justice towards all. Other basic concepts came from his lips: that justice is a worship to God, while the false prayer dictated by self-interest, he is insulting, that dignity is an endowment designed to divine every man, every good thing that God manifests himself or his work, which in God and the thought of immortality is supported by the fleeting life of man.
In a speech earlier in February, Robespierre had said: "We hope an order of things where the low and cruel passions are enchained, and that healthy and generous awakened by the laws ... We hope that in our nation's morality replace egoism, probity false honor, principles sostituiscno uses, the duties of good manners, the empire of reason to replace the tyranny of fashion, contempt of vice that hex, the 'pride, insolence, magnanimity vanity, love of glory than the money ... on the intrigue ... In the French Revolution what is immoral is impolitic. "Maximilien Robespierre was too
in history, allowing the brutality of this contamination its voltage to transcendence. He had some of the faults in the conduct of the revolutionary process, particularly in relation to people (including if its identification outright, with terrorism, is discussed in terms storioco), but there is no doubt his good faith, his concern for the poorest sections of the French people and its coherence: even at the height of power, the 'Incorruptible lived in a sober, living in the house of a poor family in Paris. In his testimony, therefore, Noahides traces can be seen that the rest can be found in milder Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, the French reformer active several decades after the death of Robespierre, who The Justice dans la Revolution et dans l'Eglise Justice called the "god of consciousness," " reality Supreme "," supreme principle "and wrote, almost as catechesis:

" - What is Justice?
- The essence of humanity.
- What was the Justice so far, from the beginning of the world?
- Almost nothing
- What should be?
- More ... "


Michael Moramarco

Phosphate Buffer, Calculate

Robespierre and The Name of Life

of the Divine Names in the Jewish tradition, the Masters Noahides use in their back El Chai (Living God) one that best responds to the spiritual wholeness and all'effusività the Heavenly Father.
But in this reading and auspicious life of God, they go beyond interpreting ha-Shem, the name most sacred to the Israelites (the tetragrammaton JHVH, which is pronounced ' Adonai, Lord, whenever it is encountered in the biblical text ) as lifespan (similar to 'bow in the clouds appeared after the Flood). Also in the Swedenborg Rite, which encysted Noachide a core, is this instruction:

" ineffable name consists of three sounds, which are never perfectly if you do not whisper when we imitate the first breath at birth, the act of breathe or blow, the last exhale at death, to denote one who was who is and who will be ...".

Noachide approach integrates the Tetragrammaton qabbalistica intuition according to which Yod represents the active, receptive and that He Vav their conjunction that generates the second He, cosmic matrix. In Lurianic Kabbalah this assumption was the foundation of the sanctity of marriage and the obligation not to desecrate the conjunction between men and women with lust, promiscuity and adultery.
Interpretation "vital" to ha-Shem connects it to the Zoroastrian name of God, Ahura (which comes from ahu, the cosmic principle / life) and the First Life Mandeismo.

Michael Moramarco

How To Darken Foundation

for national reconciliation

Everybody knows the tragedy that struck on 8 September 1943 Italy directly, trovatasi suddenly broke in two, both in terms of military control and its shifty-eyed coverage (subject, from both parties, foreign arrogance), or - and this was certainly the saddest consequence - in the national cohesion painfully incrinatasi in the depths of the conscience of every individual citizen.

one hand there were all those troubled by a deep crisis and irreversible rejection of fascism, especially guilty of having them dragged into a situation no longer sustainable, then those convinced of the need to continue fighting the war and taken to honor its commitments to the bottom of the tripartite alliance. Despite being deployed against each other, both sides were united by the highest ideals coincide perfectly, even if covered by opposing points of view: the patriotism ( "second Renaissance" of some and the struggle for the 'honor of Italy " others), defense against oppression enemy (on the one hand, the brutal occupation of the Germans; the other, the bombing on the cities and other non-military targets), fairness and dignity (first loyalty to the King, which the military had taken the oath, and the restoration of democratic freedoms, and secondly the righteousness against the Allies, the consistency and the maintenance of military honor). Of course there were - from both sides - even the villains and cynical opportunists who took advantage of the general confusion to pursue objectives far from noble. But the vast majority of Italians came to their choices with the utmost honesty, letting its lead from the intimate sense of duty, within the limits of what is objectively possible by harsh necessity of the moment. And often even beyond these limits, with admirable courage.

If, therefore, it is possible to find the similar arguments and a nature common to all the Italians lined up in opposing camps, it is extremely unfair - as well as ungenerous - to celebrate the anniversary of liberation as the celebration of the victory of Italy half straight and half on the noble and ignoble Italy grim. Much better would be, instead, to inspire ' ancient Roman rule did not consider any lawful public demonstration of joy for success in an armed conflict fought against fellow citizens .

For us directly, after more than 60 from piercing the fratricidal struggle, it should finally be able to recognize that the whole of Italy must be proud of having successfully passed the terrible ordeal of civil war, namely that the common tragedy whose sufferings have been endured by all, and all dealt with heroic courage, partly mitigating the consequences due to the prevailing sense of humanity of our people, and finally allowing the country to rise again with renewed energy and resourcefulness, the beneficial climate of freedom and democracy restored.

A historical interpretation so detached from any remaining ideological rancor and recrimination on all political and military mistakes committed by both sides, could have a triple benefit for all. First of all, raises the center of history the Italian people - that is the entity that is ancient and eternal now "sovereign" of today's democratic system - rather than the ephemeral political and military decision-makers, worthy or unworthy, who took turns during the 20 months of that heartbreaking tragedy. Second, facilitate the overcoming of frustrating national guilt for the war and lost for post-armistice ambiguity, as we learn to say that the Italians head high, as a whole, were able to pass a test admirably well more difficult than it happened to the other belligerents. Finally, it would lead to credible and effective implementation of the national reconciliation that is ever more insistently advocated by many, but that has not yet found any authoritative author.

Now we are fortunate to have, in these years, only the President can finally realize that reconciliation. This is because, first of all, he shows you really want to be above the parties, in addition, he believes that the need to look to the future is more important than the memory of the past lacerations (*), and finally, its original location policy may enable it to promote the necessary refinement of commemorations-strength (reaching to celebrate the liberation of Italy, as a joint celebration of all Italians, without exception) without fear of being accused of ideological proximity with the ex-Republican.

(*) This attitude is also present in foreign policy, As we have seen in recent days from his statements to the press on the occasion of his visit in Slovenia (14 January 2008): "While not forgetting the tragic divisions of the past, we must look and work together to further development of European integration, that is the framework in which to place the excess of any residual painful misunderstanding ".

Taken from the official text published at the Quirinale

http://www.quirinale.it/Discorsi/Discorso.asp?id=34786

Naperville Jc Penny Salon Prices

Big Three Articles by Noach

In his second edition of the Constitutions (1738) of the Grand Lodge of London, rev. James Anderson, in addition to support, in charge I, that a Freemason is obliged by their condition to follow the moral law "as a true Noahides" (these words are not being included in the formulation of 1751), adds little well, confirming the universality of ethics and religious invoked by speculative Freemasonry, "for They all agree on the three great Articles of Noah, enough to preserve the Cement of the Lodge" (poich'essi all agree on three main Articles by Noach, sufficient to preserve the cement of the Lodge ").
Now, it is known that the Laws of Noah have seven (even if their number is not unvocamente established in all Jewish sources: according to the Cairo Genizah are thirty). What refer, therefore, the "three big items?
One answer comes from the good book Aaron Lichtenstein The Seven Laws of Noach (published in Italian for the types of issues Lamed, Milan, sd). interpreting a passage from Menachem Azariah of Fano in a work out in Amsterdam in 1649, Lichtenstein shows that following a tradition Noahides the seven commandments are summed up in three principles: prohibition of idolatry, murder and adultery. In Masonic terms, there is a correspondence between the three items, as Anderson calls them with legal language eighteenth century, and "spheres" of life in which you move the conscience of the Freemason: the divine, human and natural. Idolatry is a denial of the relationship with God, assassination is a negation of the relationship with the man, adultery (unlawful sexual intercourse with others: sodomy, incest, etc.) is a negation of nature, even before social pacts. It is worth noting as well as in Zoroastrianism adultery is considered the most serious theft (which is not included in the three great articles of Noah), the order of guilt. Unfortunately
Constitutions of 1738 - perhaps to excessive tenedenza to review Anderson, Interpol, escrescere documents that were submitted for the 'editing - were, as he writes Coil in his Masonic Encyclopedia , "dead letter", and prevailed over the milder version of 1723 . But it remains significant that the Grand Lodge of Ireland poses with its basis in his Book of Constitutions of 1751, three years later by Laurence Dermott was recovered in the ' Ahiman Rezon , text-guide of Antients , the Freemasons that they relied more strongly on tradition.

Michael Moramarco

The Incredible Tree Light Show

Mandaeans and Noachismo

The Mandeismo is one of the "Religions of Light." It is based on the vision of the cosmos as a place of conflict between the Light ( nhura ) and darkness ( hshuka ) concept of God as Father of the first life size, which flow from the entity of light ( 'Utri or Malchijah ) and Iardna (Jordan) Celeste, a sort of ethereal fluid in which they bathe those entities to continually regenerate. Interprets the work of creation as a demiurge, Ptahil, which, though left by the First Life, it fails to deal adequately with the corrosive action of the "murky waters". Describes the rise of the liberated souls through a series of "spheres" to the world's first life, proclaims its the enigmatic prophet Manda d-Hiia, and as a three year old child presents himself to John the Baptist (in turn proto-prophet of the community) to be baptized, inspiring beauty and wonder in the universe at the time of the dive; preaches divine gnosis - understood as an awareness of origin / dstino man - and constant purification as a means of ascent to heaven. It 's a shame that a faith so high in the present then entered the dark waste, such as the attacks on the figure of Jesus as a false messiah (even identified with Nebo / Mercury), partly explained as a defensive reaction to aggression proselytizing of the Church , and the inclusion in the rituals of animal sacrifices, evidently inherited from pre-existing traditions and incongruous with the spirit of deep Mandeismo, which is pure nostalgia for the Sky. But, you know, the evil creeps even in the most noble ideas.
The original Mandaean community of Mesopotamia, now has a few thousand souls, who live mainly in Basra, southern Iraq, the danger of extinction, compounded by the tragic events of recent geopolitical area, is remarkable. However, there is a hope of recovery in activities of the diaspora is present in various countries. In 18 of the book
Ginza ("Treasury"), the sacred text mondeo. is transmitted - with some variations with respect to vesion biblical anthropology, and even astrological ramblings - the saga Diluvian. Nu (Noach) appears as the father of Shum (Shem), founder of Pure Mandaeans.
But the phenomenology of the relationship between Mandaeans and Noahides does not stop there. Indeed, the common element is not so much more pronounced in the lift mythical, as in the "baptismal" the Mandaeans practice with the high frequency Mashbir , immersion in a water course which aims to reproduce that of ' Utri in the Jordan Celeste. Now it is clear that the ritual alive by the Masters Noahides Diluvian the story has a similar value, the determination of a process of constant regeneration (in time) and perennial (over time). And a community is attested also in the outcome of the route: if Noahides sing the song of the Rainbow for re / evoke the divine victory over the forces of evil symbolized by the Seal of Light, among the Mandaeans spread this prayer, which celebrates the sovereignty of the Light ":

Praise the Lord of the Kings (Angels).
Nothing would be if He had not.
He is not bound by death and destruction
means nothing to him
Your light illuminates worlds.
His Glory has no limit.
He is full of life and Truth
of Grace and Wisdom.
His light is unquenchable in
He is not the absence, in which Honey
He is not bitter.
The Sublime is safe in His Abode
and above all, as the sky the mountains, like the sun a lamp
He goes beyond all splendor.
(Ginza R. 1.5 et seq.)

Michael Moramarco

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